Large orchestra concerto: Brahms – 2

Large orchestra concerto: Brahms – 2

Program:
Johannes Brahms: Hungarian Dance No. 21
Double Concerto in A minor for Violin and Cello, Op. 102
Hungarian Dance No. 14
Symphony No. 4 in E minor Op. 98

Veronika Eberle, violin
Steven Isserlis, cello
Conductor: Iván Fischer

The last, and one of the most lyrical pieces of the dance series, opens each part. The concert concludes with Brahms's tragic Symphony in E minor, which combines many elements from the Middle Ages to the Romantic period. The work before the interval was originally conceived as a fifth symphony, but eventually became a double concerto. The violin solo is played by Veronika Eberle on a 1693 Stradivarius, whose sound, according to a Bachtrack reviewer, "is like a warm sunbeam breaking through the clouds". Her partner is the multi-faceted legend and Gramophone Hall of Fame member, Steven Isserlis, a cellist, writer, musical explorer and general enthusiast.

The twenty-one Hungarian Dances is the most widely known series of the Brahms oeuvre. The composer's violinist friend, Ede Reményi, introduced him to Hungarian urban gypsy music, the genres of csárdás and verbunkos. The piano pieces for four hands, which Brahms called arrangements, are today better known in orchestral versions. With its nimble tempo, rich ornamentation, and the prominent role of the flute, the 21st Hungarian Dance is reminiscent of virtuoso folk recorder playing. The 14th piece in the series is one of the few dances in which Brahms did not use any borrowed melodies. Slow, elegant music that resembles a palotás, a Hungarian court dance.

“I was struck with the amusing idea of writing a concerto for violin and cello,” Brahms wrote to Clara Schumann. The double concerto is a gesture of reconciliation towards Joseph Joachim, after their long friendship had ruptured following Joachim's divorce from his wife Amalie (Brahms had sided with Amalie in the dispute). The piece, in which the cello solo symbolizes Brahms and the violin solo Joachim, achieved the desired effect. The two characters, engaging in dialogue, found harmony with one another both in the music and in life. The two instruments abound in solos, but it's their duets that are really memorable: sometimes they play completely together at the same pitch. After a lengthy opening movement and a long slow movement, the work ends with a light finale.

Brahms feared that the dramatic, serious tone of his Symphony No. 4 would be poorly received. However, the premiere conducted by the composer was a great success, and two movements were repeated with the Meiningen orchestra. In the first movement, a simple motto-like theme and a rhythmic melody weave an increasingly complex web. The classical sonata form is followed by a slow movement using medieval Phrygian tonality, in which the melody, considered to be Brahms's most beautiful, is played. The composer unleashes his sense of humor in the scherzo by enhancing the cheerful mood with the tinkling of the triangle. The finale, written in the form of a baroque chaconne, builds on a Bach bass melody with increasingly complex variations to bring the piece to a painful end.